China in Africa
Cybersecurity in China improves, but slowly
Acording to a talk at Beijing Cyber Security Conference, around 48.5 percent of China’s government agencies and 56.3 percent centrally-administered state-owned enterprises have deployed security operation centers, and the response time to security events has been reduced to less than one hour from about three days in 2016.
In the first half of 2019, more than 100 million enterprises’ computers had security software installed, while the number in 2016 was around 60 million. The repair cycle for computer system vulnerabilities has dropped to 16 days from 35 days in 2016. In a special campain, the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and State Administration for Market Regulation evaluated more than 400 popular apps on the collection of personal data, and around 100 apps were asked to make improvements in data protection.
Xinhua-net news release, September 10, 2019
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Window-to-China
Fudan University launches human phenotype research project
The first phase of the project is aimed at understanding how cancer and other complicated diseases develop by addressing the relationships and internal mechanisms between genes and phenotypes. As a first step, the project will produce a reference atlas for complete phenotypes of 20,000 healthy Chinese. Chief scientist of the project is LI Jin, Vice President of Fudan University.
CAS news release, March 26, 2018
In 2016, China contributed 11 % to Nature papers
According to a Nature symposium in Guangzhou, Chinese researchers published more than 90 original research papers in Nature in 2016, accounting for about 11 percent, compared with 0.4 percent in 1997.
CAS news release, March 26, 2018
First drugstore with robotic pharmacist opens in Shandong
A pilot drug store in Shandong has officially opened. This pharmacy is similar to a supermarket, but it is manned by a robotic pharmacist “Little Joe”. The level of the robotic pharmacist is equivalent to a pharmacist with 10 years of experience. He can diagnose the patient through consultation and give advice on medication. The pharmacy’s smart device will make recommendations based on the drug, and the patient can directly buy drugs by mobile payment. The robotic pharmacists is expected to play a role in lowering pharmacy costs and improving pharmacy service professionalism. A pharmacy’s average net profit is only 5% to 7%, of which the manpower cost is the highest, twice the rent. According to relevant statistics, there are 480,000 pharmacies throughout the country, and half of them are unable to provide professional pharmacists services because they do not have enough talent pools to provide accurate advice for patients. The drugs provided by the pharmacist robot are non-prescription medicines. For prescription medicines, according to relevant regulations, hospital doctors will be required to confirm the sale.
China Bio news release, March 26, 2018
CAS Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics converts CO2 into linear .alpha.olefins
A research team of SUN Jian and GE Qingjie at CAS DICP reported a CO2 hydrogenation to olefin process that reaches 72% selectivity and produces 50.3% of heavy alkenes (C4-C18), among which linear α-olefins account for 80%. The process is catalyzed by carbon-supported iron, commonly used in C-C coupling reactions, with multiple alkali promoters extracted from waste biomass such as corncobs. The mineral elements from corncob may promote the surface enrichment of potassium, suppressing secondary hydrogenation of alkenes on active sites. Furthermore, the carburization of iron species was enhanced to form more Fe5C2 species, achieving a good match of reverse water-gas shift reaction and subsequent C-C coupling.
CAS news release, March 26, 2018
CAS QIBEBT reports synthesis of pure D-lactic acid in high yields using engineered Klebsiella
The group of Guang ZHAO at QIBEBT has engineered Klebsiella to form optically pure D-lactic acid from glycerol in yields of 150 g/l (substrate conversion rate 0.91g/g, production efficiency greater than 3g/l/h), after metabolic blocks inhibiting the synthesis of by-products such as 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol. Polymers derived from D-lactic acid are used in high-end fields such as medical bone engineering, cigarette filter heads, high-grade textile fibers, and as the main raw material for 3D printing technology. It is estimated that the global polylactic acid market will have a compound annual growth rate of 20 %.
China Bio news release, March 23, 2018
Chinese Academy of Sciences launches CASEarth, an „Earth Big Data Science Project“
The project aims to build a global influential, international, and open international big earth data science center, and is committed to promoting and realizing earth’s big data technology innovation, major scientific discovery, and „one-stop full-scale macro decision support“. Project leader is GUO Huadong, academician of CAS. The five-year pilot project has set up several platforms, e. g., for science and engineering, satellite imaging, big data cloud services, a digital belt and road map, panoramic China, and biodiversity and ecology. There are nine projects related to security. According to GUO, U.S. big data accounted for about 31%, EU for 19%, and China for 13% of global data in 2013. After more than four years of development, China’s share has increased to 16%, and in 2020 China will account for 21%.
CAS news release, March 21, 2018
Peking University and Tencent build smart medical solutions” network”
Peking University Medical and Tencent will cooperate to explore systematic, mature smart medical overall solutions”. Relying on the quality medical resources of Peking University Medical and its hospitals, Tencent will provide its own resources in areas such as artificial intelligence, big data, mobile payment, real name verification. The cooperation between the two parties includes the joint establishment of an “Internet + Medical Big Data Research Demonstration Base”, a WeChat medicare payment project, insurance innovations, and online consultation.”
China Bio news release, March 16, 2017
First Chinese CAR-T clinical trial approved by CFDA
On March 13, Nanjing’s GenScript Biotech Co. announced that it officially received a clinical trial approval from the State Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for autologous reinfusion of LCAR-B38M. The CFDA received a total of 15 clinical applications for CAR-T cell therapy. Among them are Anke Biotechnology, Hengrui Pharmaceutical, Galaxy Biological, Fosun Pharma and other listed companies. Chinese pharmaceutical companies are struggling to catch up with the United States in the clinical study of CAR-T therapy. Currently, over hundred CAR-T clinical research projects have been registered. Precision biology companies such as Zhongyuan Concord, Pu Ruijin, and Zhifei Bio are actively involved in the deployment of CAR-T immunotherapy, as are the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Tongji Hospital and other medical services.
China Bio news release, March 14, 2018
CAS Institute of Process Engineering scales membrane technology for cane sugar purification
In collaboration with Guangken Sugar Co., the institute’s pilot plant in Guangdong reports to have achieved continuous and stable operation of an integrated membrane filtration system which turns raw sugarcane juice into refined white sugar, without chemical auxiliary materials such as sulfur, phosphoric acid and lime.
CAS news release, March 13, 2018
Shanghai hospitals initiates whole genome sequencing project for clinical diagnosis of childhood rare diseases
The group of Yongguo YU at Xinhua Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, and colleagues at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University have started a joint project on whole genome sequencing in an attempt to improve the overall level of pediatricians to treat children with rare diseases. There is already a national China Genomic Database for Childhood Genetic Disease Detection, and it is expected that and whole genome sequencing can detect complex genomic variations that could not be detected by curreng single gene or exon analysis via gene chips and other current gene sequencing methods. At present, about 6,000 to 7,000 rare diseases have been identified globally, and about 80% of rare diseases are caused by genetic defects.
China Bio news release, March 12, 2013
Xi’an tests giant air cleaner to combat smoke
The 60 m high chimney contains particle filters and is powered by solar energy. It was developed by the group of Junji CAO at CAS Key Laboratory of Aersol Chemistry and Physics. The concrete chimney sits atop a large open structure with a glass roof. Solar radiation hitting the glass heats the air, causing it to rise towards the base of the tower. The air then passes through a wall of industrial filters before billowing out the chimney. The system is inspired by renewable-energy power plants that generate electricity from solar heat. At the tower and at 10 monitoring stations across a 10 square-kilometre area, monitors measure particulate matter under 2.5 micrometres in diameter (PM2.5). In a test run this winter, it was found that the tower expels between 5 and 8 million cubic metres of filtered air a day. The surrounding air monitors registered a 19% decrease in PM2.5 concentrations compared with monitors in other parts of the city. Sulfur dioxide gas, nitrogen oxides and ozone were not measured.
CAS news release, March 12, 2018
CAS Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics: .alpha.-alkenes from engineered yeast
The group of Yongjin ZHOU at CAS DICP, in collaboration with Jens NIELSEN at Chalmers University of Technology, has engineered S cerevisiae to produce long-chain .alpha.-alkenes from fatty acids and secrete them into the medium. Key enzymes engineered into the strain were UndB, a membrane-bound decarboxylase from P. fluorescens not dependent on hydrogen peroxide, and a long-chain fatty acid transporter FATP1. Metabolic dynamic regulation was used to balance cell growth and product synthesis, and led to α- alkene production of 35.3 mg/L, of which >80% was secreted.
CAS news release, March 8, 2018
China takes initiatives to harvest „combustible ice“
Combustible ice is a natural gas hydrate found in tundra or seabed areas and could amount to the equivalent of about 80 billion tons of fossil fuel. When melted or depressurized, it turns into water and natural gas. It occurs in the East and South China seas, there are 11 ore bodies containing 150 million tons of combustible ice in South China Sea’s Shenhu region alone, but there are also international disputes as to the ownership. China’s annual consumption of fossil fuels is about 600 million tons, meaning China theoretically has enough ice to last 133 years. Mining techniques are presently studied at the National Institute for South China Sea Studies and at Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, backed by China National Offshore Oil Corporation. Industrial production of combustible ice can be expected not earlier than 2030.
CAS news release, March 8, 2018
Chengdu’s „Tianfu International Biological City“ grows to 260,000 m2
The four major industries addressed are biomedicine, biomedical engineering, biological services, and „health new economy“, with the segments biotech drugs, new chemical agents, modern Chinese medicine, high-performance medical equipment, smart health + precision medicine. Sinopharm has signed into opening its blood products HQ in the park, and In 2017, 52 new projects were introduced, with a total investment of over 50 billion yuan. With a total investment of 10 billion yuan, the China Center for Global Drug Commercialization (GDCC) will soon be completed here. Top talent introduction included a new Nobel team, the Bishop Cancer Institute (J Michael Bishop, Nobel prize 1989 for work on retroviral oncogenes), two CAS teams, and 21 high-level returnees. The park follows he “Expert + Platform + Capital” innovation model, encouraging scientists to become shareholders and professional companies to operate research institutes.
China Bio news release, March 7, 2018
US FDA approves Trogarzo, a new HIV drug „made-in-China“ (Taiwan)
Trogarzo™ (ibalizumab-uiyk) injection was developed by Taiwan’s Zhongyu New Drugs and is marketed in the US by Taiwan’s TaiMed Biologics. As a virus entry inhibitor,” ibalizumab binds to CD4, the major HIV receptor on the surface of T cells, to prevent these cells from getting invaded by the virus. As the first anti-retroviral therapy with a new mechanism of action in more than a decade, ibalizumab has received FDA-approved groundbreaking therapies, qualifications for priority review, fast track qualifications, and orphan drug qualifications.”
China Bio news release, March 7, 2018